Netherlands Considers Legalising Pepper Spray for Self-Defence
After protests over violence against women, the justice minister will review legalising pepper spray. It's illegal for now, and Groningen focuses on safer routes, nightlife measures, and enforcement.
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What’s on the table
After the killing of a 17-year-old girl in August, Justice Minister David van Weel said he will examine whether civilians, especially women, may legally carry pepper spray for self-defence. He called it “at best symptom relief,” but said he understands women wanting a tool to protect themselves. Pepper spray is currently banned for civilians under Dutch weapons law. Even possession is a criminal offence and can lead to confiscation, a fine, and a criminal record.
Pushback and open questions
Experts and commentators warn that legalising spray won’t address root causes like street intimidation, unsafe routes, or repeat offenders; some argue it could create a false sense of security. The cabinet is only investigating options; details such as who could carry, training, age limits, and penalties are not defined. Several EU countries permit limited civilian use, but the Dutch minister stressed cities must also tackle lighting, design, and enforcement.
Groningen angle
Groningen has seen large protests against violence toward women, including the 'Dolle Mina,’ actions on the Grote Markt and a city cycling protest. Police confirmed at least one report of sexual assault during the Groningen protest, underscoring local safety concerns. Meanwhile, the municipality has programmes and an Action Plan for Safer Nights aimed at curbing (sexual) intimidation in nightlife through training, bystander activation, and venue measures.
What to watch next
Scope of any proposal: who qualifies, mandatory training, and whether sprays would be registered or restricted to specific models.
Complementary measures in Groningen: rollout of nightlife safety actions, route lighting and design changes, and targeted police operations at known hot spots.
How to report intimidation or violence in Groningen?
Emergency: 112
Non-emergency police: 0900-8844
Anonymous tip: Meld Misdaad Anoniem 0800-7000
The city’s nightlife safety actions run via the municipality and partners; policy documents are public.